دليل Go (Golang) 2026: تعلم Go for Backend وتطوير السحابة

# Download and install (Linux/macOS)
wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.23.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.23.linux-amd64.tar.gz
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# Verify
go version  # go version go1.23 linux/amd64

mkdir myapp && cd myapp
go mod init github.com/yourname/myapp

// main.go
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, Go!")
}

go run main.go
go build -o myapp  # produces single binary

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // Short declaration
    name := "Alice"
    age  := 30
    pi   := 3.14159

    // Explicit type
    var score int = 100

    // Multiple assignment
    x, y := 10, 20

    fmt.Printf("%s is %d, pi=%.2f, score=%d, sum=%d\n",
        name, age, pi, score, x+y)
}

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
)

func divide(a, b float64) (float64, error) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("division by zero")
    }
    return a / b, nil
}

func main() {
    result, err := divide(10, 3)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error:", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Printf("Result: %.2f\n", result)
}

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func worker(id int, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()
    fmt.Printf("Worker %d done\n", id)
}

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go worker(i, &wg)
    }
    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println("All workers done")
}

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "net/http"
)

type Response struct {
    Message string `json:"message"`
    Status  int    `json:"status"`
}

func helloHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(Response{Message: "Hello!", Status: 200})
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/api/hello", helloHandler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}