دليل الأتمتة Ansible 2026: أدلة التشغيل والأدوار وتوفير السحابة

# Install Ansible
pip install ansible

# Or via package manager
brew install ansible       # macOS
sudo apt install ansible   # Ubuntu/Debian

# Verify
ansible --version

# Generate SSH key for managed nodes
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "ansible@myserver"
ssh-copy-id user@192.168.1.100

# inventory.ini — list of managed hosts
[webservers]
web1.example.com
web2.example.com
192.168.1.10

[databases]
db1.example.com ansible_user=postgres ansible_port=22

[all:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3
ansible_ssh_private_key_file=~/.ssh/ansible_key

# inventory.yml — YAML format (preferred)
all:
  vars:
    ansible_user: ubuntu
    ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/ansible_key
  children:
    webservers:
      hosts:
        web1.example.com:
          app_port: 8000
        web2.example.com:
          app_port: 8001
    databases:
      hosts:
        db1.example.com:
          postgres_version: "16"
    monitoring:
      hosts:
        monitor.example.com:

# site.yml — configure web servers
---
- name: Configure web servers
  hosts: webservers
  become: true  # sudo

  vars:
    app_name: myapp
    app_port: 8000
    nginx_version: "1.24"

  tasks:
    - name: Update apt cache
      apt:
        update_cache: yes
        cache_valid_time: 3600

    - name: Install required packages
      apt:
        name:
          - nginx
          - python3-pip
          - git
        state: present

    - name: Create app user
      user:
        name: "{{ app_name }}"
        system: yes
        shell: /bin/bash

    - name: Deploy application code
      git:
        repo: https://github.com/mycompany/myapp.git
        dest: /srv/{{ app_name }}
        version: main
        force: yes
      notify: restart app

    - name: Install Python dependencies
      pip:
        requirements: /srv/{{ app_name }}/requirements.txt
        virtualenv: /srv/{{ app_name }}/venv

    - name: Configure nginx
      template:
        src: nginx.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-available/{{ app_name }}
        mode: '0644'
      notify: reload nginx

    - name: Enable nginx site
      file:
        src: /etc/nginx/sites-available/{{ app_name }}
        dest: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/{{ app_name }}
        state: link

  handlers:
    - name: restart app
      systemd:
        name: "{{ app_name }}"
        state: restarted

    - name: reload nginx
      systemd:
        name: nginx
        state: reloaded

# Run playbook
ansible-playbook site.yml -i inventory.yml

# Run with verbose output
ansible-playbook site.yml -i inventory.yml -v

# Dry run (check mode)
ansible-playbook site.yml -i inventory.yml --check

# Run specific tags only
ansible-playbook site.yml -i inventory.yml --tags nginx

# Limit to specific hosts
ansible-playbook site.yml -i inventory.yml --limit web1.example.com

# Pass extra variables
ansible-playbook site.yml -i inventory.yml --extra-vars "app_version=1.2.3"

# Ad-hoc commands
ansible webservers -i inventory.yml -m ping
ansible all -i inventory.yml -m command -a "uptime"
ansible databases -i inventory.yml -m apt -a "name=postgresql state=latest" --become

# Create role structure
ansible-galaxy role init nginx

# roles/nginx/
#   tasks/main.yml
#   handlers/main.yml
#   templates/
#   files/
#   vars/main.yml
#   defaults/main.yml
#   meta/main.yml

# roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: Install nginx
  apt:
    name: nginx
    state: present
  notify: Start nginx

- name: Copy nginx config
  template:
    src: nginx.conf.j2
    dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  notify: Reload nginx

# roles/nginx/defaults/main.yml
---
nginx_worker_processes: auto
nginx_worker_connections: 1024
nginx_keepalive_timeout: 65

# Use role in playbook:
# - name: Setup servers
#   hosts: webservers
#   roles:
#     - nginx
#     - myapp

# Encrypt a file
ansible-vault encrypt group_vars/production/vault.yml

# Decrypt to edit
ansible-vault edit group_vars/production/vault.yml

# Run playbook with vault
ansible-playbook site.yml --ask-vault-pass
ansible-playbook site.yml --vault-password-file ~/.vault_pass

# Encrypt a single variable
ansible-vault encrypt_string 'mysecretpassword' --name 'db_password'

# Provision EC2 instance
- name: Launch EC2 instance
  amazon.aws.ec2_instance:
    name: "web-{{ env }}"
    image_id: ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0
    instance_type: t3.medium
    security_groups: [web-sg]
    vpc_subnet_id: "{{ subnet_id }}"
    key_name: my-keypair
    tags:
      Environment: "{{ env }}"
      Project: myapp
    wait: yes
  register: ec2

- name: Add to dynamic inventory
  add_host:
    hostname: "{{ ec2.instances[0].public_ip_address }}"
    groups: just_created